The design of the pages, with images and photographs, promotes an understanding of the content and motivates students to learn the content in English. History of Music Introduction to Music Flamenco 3. ACCOM ANY t is menco son . Use p m s sec s or t e ouder e ts nd p m s sord s or t e ot er e ts. Cup your nds to per orm t e sound o p m s sord s nd re u r c ppin or t e p m s sec s. 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Body percussion is a fundamental part of flamenco. Cante (singing) and toque (guitar playing) are accompanied by different types of hand claps, and also by finger clicks and zapateado (tapping the floor) performed with shoes with a hard sole and nails on the toe and the heel. Gumboot dance 4. ANCE xo e e, Sout A ric n son . In z p te do, t e d ncer t ps t e oor wit t e w o e oot, t e oot, t e ee , t e ed e o t e ee or t e toe. T ese sic movements re com ined to m e di erent r yt ms. T e step in t e indic ted direction. T e step nd s p t e oot wit ot nds. Gumboot dance appeared at the end of the 19th century in the mines of South Africa. The workers, mostly black men, performed very hard and dangerous tasks. They were forbidden from talking or singing while they worked, so they invented a way to communicate that used the sound of their gumboots. Today, this dance is a symbol of the fight against the racism and repression that black people in South Africa suffered. er orm everyt in 3 times, quic er nd quic er. (twice) (twice) (twice) (twice) (twice) 9 . Rhythmic modes and modal scales Rhythmic modes 3. W ITE OWN t e com in tions o minims nd crotc ets t t it in trip e metre r nd in qu drup e metre r. 4. CA YOUT r yt mic dict tion in p irs, usin t e com in tions o note v ues rom t e previous ctivity. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, religious texts were sung in free time, but at the end of the 12th century rhythmic modes began to be used. These are rhythmic patterns based on a combination of long and short sounds. There were six different patterns, but the main ones were: troc ee i m d cty h q q h q q h 5. E FO M t is score. W ic r yt mic mode is it written in? 44 & ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ ˙ Ó Modal scales In the Middle Ages, modal scales were used, which are different to the scales that we use today. 6. SAY w ic o t ese pieces o music uses mod sc e. ➔ omine, Audivi, nonymous. ➔ Für E ise y Ludwi v n eet oven. There were eight modal scales in total. Each scale was determined by the note that started and ended a melody (final note) and the dominant note that organised the melody (tenor note). 7. MA E U me ody usin i m r yt m nd t e sc e in ori n mode. in note tenor note & w w w w w w w w Medieval modal scales A sc e is series o notes or nised in scendin or descendin order t t is used to compose music. T e m in mediev r yt mic modes were ori n, ry i n, Lydi n nd Mixo ydi n. We sti use t em tod y in music improvis tion. 9 yt m is present in m ny spects o n ture: we c n ind it in our e rt e t, t e w ves in t e se , t e cyc e o d y nd ni t or t e se sons o t e ye r. W en we isten to music or per orm r yt m or me ody, we n tur y c p or t p our eet to t e e t. . Rhythm and beat 1. ACCOM ANY W ere Is t e Love? y c Eyed e s wit t is series o sounds. In music, rhythm means a pattern of sounds. These patterns are organised into beats. The beat means the equal parts in which musical time is divided. Some beats are louder than others. This creates a different emphasis when the louder beat is one in every two, in every three or in every four. 2. EAT OUT t ese r yt ms y p ttin your e s. Emp sise t e ouder e ts. ➔ Every two e ts (T e Syncop ted C oc y Leroy Anderson): 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ➔ Every t ree e ts (W tz o t e F owers y yotr I yic Tc iovsy): 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 ➔ Every our e ts ( y E ep nt W y Henry M ncini): 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 . Body percussion The human body is the perfect instrument. We can sing beautiful melodies with our voices and make all types of rhythms with body percussion, like clapping our hands, clicking our fingers or patting our legs. c p in er c ic p t your nd on your c est in er c ic 8 I Rhythm in our blood urin t e Midd e A es, spiritu ity w s more import nt to t e rts t n e uty. Artists t ou t o t eir cre tions s divine o erin s to God, nd t eir m in o ective w s to spre d t e C risti n it nd to demonstr te t e ut ority o t e C urc . . The Middle Ages 1. SAY t ro e o t ese soci roups in t is period. c er y no i ity common peop e 2. EX LAIN t e di erences etween t ese pieces o music. W ic one o t em do you t in is mediev ? W y? ➔ Ador te eum, nonymous. ➔ Nocturne No. 3 y Frédéric C opin. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 marks the start of the Middle Ages. The fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 marks the end, although some scholars extend it until the arrival of Columbus in America in 1492. At this time, Christianity was the main unifying element of the Western world, and it had a decisive influence on social, scientific and artistic development. The year 1054 saw the East–West Schism, which divided Christians between the Catholic and the Orthodox Church. The Roman Catholic Church was, together with the nobility, the most important institution in Europe. The monasteries and cathedrals had schools that taught the monks to read and write, so that they could copy the manuscripts of the great authors on all types of subjects. In the 11th century, universities started to appear. Medieval art ➔ E r y in t e Midd e A es, om nesque rt (11t nd 12t centuries) emer ed. It d so er sty e nd su ect m tter. ➔ L ter, Got ic rt ( rom t e 13t to t e 16t century) w s deve oped. It w smore e or te nd orn te. T ey ru ed nd de ended t e territory. T ey wored in ricu ture, ivestoc rmin , cr ts, tr des nd commerce. T ey uided peop e in spiritu m tters. 8 I The Middle Ages Introduction to Music History of Music ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE 1. Rhythm and beat 2 Body percussion 3. Writing music 4. Properties of sound 5. Sound and hearing 6. Soundscapes 7. Enjoy the concert! CONNECT WITH REALITY How many different sounds can you make with your body? When we clap our hands or tap our feet, can we call it music? Which everyday sounds bother you? Can excessive sound or noise be bad for our health? When is it better to be silent? Rhythm in our blood ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE 1. The Middle Ages 2. Rhythmic modes and modal scales 3. Medieval musical textures 4. Types of music 5. Liturgical music 6. Secular vocal music 7. Instrumental music 8. Music in al-Andalus CONNECT WITH REALITY What were the main artistic styles in the Middle Ages? Do you know any literary works from this period? Do you know how music was written down in the Middle Ages? What do you think the music was like in medieval churches? And in villages and cities? Which instruments can you identify in the picture? What instrument family and type do they belong to? The Middle Ages Student’s material The unit begins with a discussion relating to a personal experience associated with the historical period of the unit or with its contents. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE Lists the basic concepts that will be worked on throughout the unit. CONNECT WITH REALITY Suggests questions on the topic, that will be used to recall learnings and put what students need to learn into context.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy OTA4MjI=