9591 5. Migration: searching for a better life What is migration? Migration, or migrator y movement, is when the population changes residence from their place of origin to another destination , for reasons other than leisure. (13) Migration has always occurred , but nowadays it is higher for two reasons: Better and cheaper transport makes it easier to move around . Information and communication technologies make it easier to obtain information about other places. People migrate to different destinations: Most migration takes place within the countr y of birth. In recent years, migration to other countries in the same geographical region has increased . Migration to more distant high-income countries has also risen . In 2020, around 281 million people (3.6 % of the world population) were living in a foreign countr y. Two thirds of them were living in just 20 countries. In addition , around 700 million people were living in a different territor y to the one in which they were born , within their own countr y. The causes and effects of migration People relocate for different reasons and this has positive and negative effects on both the countries of origin and the destinations. (14) 13. Classification of migratory movements TYPES OF MIGRATION Voluntary Forced by conflicts According to the duration Permanent Temporary According to the cause According to the destination Internal (national ) External (international ) 38 REASONS WHY PEOPLE EMIGRATE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION ON COUNTRIES Economic. The most common causes are a lack of work opportunities or poor working conditions or salaries in the place of origin . Social and family. For example, people emigrate to have access to better health care, education , etc., or to join family members who emigrated in the past. Political and religious. Wars or ideological , religious or ethnic persecution . This is the case of refugees. Natural disasters. Earthquakes, floods, prolonged droughts, etc. Demographic. As emigrants are mostly young, the average age of the populations increases in the areas they leave. In contrast, the average age decreases in the areas the migrants arrive in . Economic. In the countries emigrants leave, unemployment falls and money from emigrants arrives. In the countries emigrants move to, they help to finance social expenditure through their taxes, but unemployment can rise. Cultural and social . Multiculturalism enriches, but many immigrants find it difficult to integrate. They may also become victims of racism or xenophobia .
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