The organelles of a human cell Ribosomes. These are nonmembranous particles made up of two sub-units. They are involved in protein synthesis. Ribosomes can f loat freely in the cytoplasm or be attached to the nuclear membrane or the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria. These are the oval-shaped organelles where cellular respiration takes place. In this process, cells use nutrients and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This is a network of interconnected membranous channels and sacs. There are two types: Rough ER . This has ribosomes attached to it. It is involved in the synthesis, storage and transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Smooth ER . It has no ribosomes. Lipids are synthesised here. Golgi apparatus. This is a series of f lat, overlapping discs, called cisternae. They are surrounded by small sacs or vesicles. The Golgi apparatus stores substances received from the ER and then releases them through the vesicles. Vesicles. These are small membranous sacs that store, transport or digest various substances. Lysosomes. These are vesicles that are produced by the Golgi apparatus. They contain substances that digest nutrients and break them down into simpler substances. 1 Flagellum Vesicles Smooth ER Golgi apparatus Rough ER Centrioles 21
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