41 Identify the tissues below. Draw a diagram of each one in your notebook and label the structures you know. Then explain their function. 42 Answer the questions about human tissues: a) Which characteristics do connective tissue and blood tissue have in common? And muscle tissue and nervous tissue? b) What is the main difference between covering epithelia and connective tissue? How do their processes relate to these differences? c) Some organs, such as the heart or the kidneys, are covered in adipose tissue. Why is this? 43 Find out which tissues are most common in these body parts: a) heart b) arm c) bone d) lung e) skin f ) brain 44 Use an example to explain the differences between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland. Are there any glands that have characteristics common to both types? Look for information about mixed glands and describe them. 45 Analyse this news article: Researchers print a hear t in 3-D from human patient's cells Researchers have printed a heart in 3-D using a patient's cells, providing hope that the technique could be used to heal hearts or engineer new ones for transplants. "This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart replete with cells, blood vessels, ventricles and chambers," Professor Tal Dvir of Tel Aviv University's School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology said . […] The process of printing the heart involved a biopsy of the fatty tissue that surrounds abdominal organs. Researchers separated the cells in the tissue from the rest of the contents, namely the extracellular matrix linking the cells. The cells were reprogrammed to become stem cells with the ability to dif ferentiate into heart cells; the matrix was processed into a personalised hydrogel that ser ved as the printing "ink". The cells and hydrogel were first used to create heart patches with blood vessels and , from there, an entire heart. "At this stage, our 3-D heart is small , the size of a rabbit's heart," Dvir said . "But larger human hearts require the same technology." […] Dvir also explained that using the patient's own cells is key to engineering the tissues and organs. […] "Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world , and these procedures will be conducted routinely," Dvir said . cnn .com, 17th April 2019 (Adapted) a) Which terms from the news article have you learned in this unit? Could you have understood the article if you had not learned those terms previously? b) Some people believe that one day scientists will be able to produce organs that will improve the function of the existing organs. This goes against some people's ethical principles. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of organ and tissue engineering research. c h e c k yo u r p r o g r e s s B D A C 32
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy