Indicators of demographic growth It is important for states to understand their populations. For a state to anticipate present and future needs, it has to know if its population is increasing or decreasing and at what rate. (4) For this reason, states periodically carry out population censuses and surveys through specialised bodies. These studies provide states with basic demographic indicators. Various indicators are used to analyse whether the population of a territor y is increasing or decreasing. If these indicators are obtained periodically, it is also possible to establish the rate of change. The main demographic indicators are: 2. World population is increasing Fórmula The crude birth rate (CBR) and the total fertility rate ( TFR) The birth rate refers to the number of births. The crude birth rate indicates the number of births per 1,0 0 0 inhabitants in a place over a specific period . The period used is usually a year. The fertility rate measures the reproductive capacity of women between the ages of 15 and 49. This range is considered the child-bearing age. The total fertility rate indicates the average number of children per woman in a place over a specific period . A figure of 2.1 children per woman guarantees generational replacement. Generational replacement means the population is maintained . The net migration rate (NMR) and real increase The increase in a population also depends on people who come to live in a place from another territor y (immigrants) and those who leave a territor y to live in another place (emigrants). The net migration rate is the dif ference between the number of immigrants and emigrants. It is usually calculated per 1,0 0 0 inhabitants. T he real increase in a population is the sum of the rate of natural increase and the net migration rate. NMR Immigrants – emigrants No. of inhabitants 3 1,000 The rate of natural increase (RNI) The rate of natural increase is the dif ference between the number of births and deaths in a place over a specific period . If more people are born than die, the rate is positive. If fewer are born than die, it is negative. It can be expressed as an absolute value, or per 1,0 0 0 inhabitants, by applying this formula : RNI per thousand inhabitants Births – deaths No. of inhabitants 3 1,000 The crude death rate (CDR) The death rate refers to the number of deaths. The crude death rate indicates the number of deaths per 1,0 0 0 inhabitants in a place over a specific period . The period used is usually a year. CDR No. of deaths No. of inhabitants 3 1,000 CBR No. of births No. of inhabitants 3 1,000 TFR No. of births No. of women aged 15 - 49 3 1,000 4. China has one of the highest populations in the world 30
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy