1 WORK WITH THE IMAGES Identify the most and least densely populated countries in the EU. Are they also the most and least populous countries? Interpret the bar graph. How has the demographic structure of the EU changed? How will it evolve in the next few years? Describe the evolution of the rate of natural increase and the net migration rate in the EU. What effects do the current rates have on the population? Migratory movements There have been various phases of migration : In the 19th centur y and the first third of the 20th centur y, industrialisation caused a mass rural exodus to the cities where the factories were located . In addition , 50 million people emigrated out of the continent, mainly to the USA. In the 1950s and 1960s there was significant migration within the EU. Many people from the less developed countries in the south (including Spain) went to work in other richer countries like France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria . Due to the global economic crisis of 1973, these movements decreased and many immigrants returned to their places of origin . In the 21st centur y, the crisis that began in 2007 led many workers from the worst affected countries to emigrate in search of work. However, the net migration rate has always remained positive due to high levels of immigration from outside the EU. (20) In 2019, 21.8 million people from outside the EU (5 % of the total population) were living in EU countries. 13.3 million people had also relocated from one member state to another. The countr y with the highest number of foreigners is Germany, which had 11.4 million in 2020. Germany is followed by Italy, France and Spain , which had just over 5 million each . 20. Evolution of the rate of natural increase and the net migration rate in the EU SOURC E : E u r o s t a t , 2 0 2 0 . 1 2 1 0 8 6 4 2 0 - 2 1 9 6 0 1 9 6 5 I n ‰ 1 9 7 0 1 9 7 5 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 5 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 9 To t a l c h a n g e Ne t m i g ra t i o n ra t e Na t u ra l i n c r e a s e 959143_02_p069_h01_evol_saldo_veget_saldo_migrat Define: baby boomer. Identify the data in the text that indicates that the EU population is ageing significantly. Explain the migratory movements in the EU. Is the EU mainly a region of emigration or immigration nowadays? Has it always been this way? K E Y Q U E S T I O N S 43
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