3 P R I M A R Y Natural Science This book is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Editorial department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence. WRITER Sheila Tourle ILLUSTRATOR Julio Antonio Blasco López Pau Valls EDITORS Beatriz Bejarano Sara J. Checa Beatriz G. Hipólito Virginia R. Mitchell Patricia G. Rivera Ros Walford DIGITAL EDITORS Ismael Gómez Rocío Moreno EDITORIAL MANAGER María Antonia Oliva BILINGUAL PROJECT DIRECTOR Margarita España Do not write in this book. Do all the activities in your notebook.
World MakErs materials: I love learning! Have an open mind. Ask questions and investigate. Be creative. Communicate. Be a critical thinker. Collaborate with others. Show solidarity. Be autonomous. head shoulder stomach hand knee back arm bottom leg ankle PARTS OF THE BODY
S T E P 2 Finally, at the end of each term, you will take the Challenge and work in teams to achieve the SUSTAINABLE DEVEL0PMENT G0ALS. Follow the LEARNING PATH to a better world! DISC0VER THE PR0BLEM described in the Learning situation. Observe the world around you and ask yourself lots of questions. What can you do t o make the world a better place? LEARN NEW THINGS to understand the world. Think critic ally, investigate and cooperate with others. S T E P 1 S T E P 3 S T E P 4 LEARN BY D0ING Develop your skills in the STEAM lab. Communicate in Language makers. Then Take action to change the world. CHECK Y0UR PR0GRESS What new things have you learnt?
What are you going to LEARN? We have healthy habits 6 – Life processes – Feelings and emotions – The human body – Stages of life – Healthy habits 1 Essential knowledge Healthy habits are good for our body and mind. How can we improve our habits? Learning situation We protect animals 22 – Life processes of animals – Vertebrates – Invertebrates – Molluscs – Insects 2 Animals are all important but some species are endangered. How can we protect animals? KEY VOCABULARY We take care of vertebrates 44 People live with animals as pets. How can we look after animals? – Mammals – Birds and reptiles – Amphibians and fish – The importance of animals 3 We save energy 82 We need electricity to keep warm in winter. How can we save energy and stay warm at the same time? – The states of matter – Heat and temperature – Changes of state – Chemical changes 5 We preserve ecosystems 60 Ecosystems are essential for life on Earth. What can we do to preserve ecosystems? – Ecosystems – Food chains – Other relationships in ecosystems – Main types of ecosystems 4 We use technology safely 96 Computers are essential machines in our daily life. How can we use technology safely? – Computers and tablets – The functions of computers – Internet and its uses – The risks of the digital world 6 REV I EW 1 AND 2 REV I EW 3 AND 4 REV I EW 5 AND 6 Digital project Nature watchers CHALLENGE: FOOD FOR AL L Plan a school vegetable garden CHALLENGE: RESPECT ANIMAL S Make index cards of endangered animals CHALLENGE: ACH I EVE GENDER EQUAL I TY Do a class survey about gender equality
Science workshop Analyse your habits Tech workshop Make your own stethoscope Jobs in health Improve your habits STEAM lab Language makers Take action What are you going to DO? Science workshop Write a field journal Tech workshop Make a model of an insect Incredible animals Save the bees Science workshop Identify birds in parks Tech workshop Build a bird feeder Our pet friends Look after pets Science workshop Compare materials Tech workshop Make a homemade thermometer Fire and heat Save energy at home Science workshop Write an ecosystem fact file Tech workshop Make a collage of an ecosystem Ecosystem rescue Clean up ecosystems Tech workshop Write with a computer Programming workshop Give commands to computers A computer the size of a room! Be safe on the internet
Climbing exercises many parts of the body. We have healthy habits Healthy habits are good for our body and mind. Eating well, exercising and getting enough sleep keep us healthy and happy. How can we improve our habits? LEARNING SITUATION 1 How many parts of your body can you name? Name some healthy habits. Think of another question to ask the class. QUICK QUIZ! 6 · s i x
W0RK WITH THE PH0T0 What is the girl doing? Is it a healthy habit? How is she feeling? She is... She is using her... MY STUDY PLAN Learn Life processes Feelings and emotions The human body Bones, joints and muscles Stages of life Healthy habits Do STEAM lab Analyse your habits Make your own stethoscope Language makers Jobs in health Take action Improve your habits Check your progress s e v e n · 7
1 ●○○ WRITE nutrition, sensitivity or reproduction for each situation. You eat a banana at breaktime. You see a bee on a flower. Your aunt is expecting a baby. 2 ●●○ DISCUSS. Is a car a living thing? People are living things because we carry out the three basic life processes in order to survive: nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction. What makes us living things? What do we get from food? We need energy from food to carry out our daily activities, and raw materials to grow. NUTRITION We get energy and raw materials from food. SENSITIVITY We sense what happens around us and respond to it. REPRODUCTION We have offspring similar to ourselves. word bank nutrition reproduction sensitivity TH I N K AB0UT IT ! We need energy in our daily life. Do we all need the same amount of energy? A car cannot… A car can… 8 · e i g h t
1 How do we feel? We have different emotions in different situations. 3 ●●○ DISCUSS. How do you feel in these situations? You open a birthday present. It is raining and you cannot play outside. You are going to the cinema. Your best friend moves to a different town. 4 ●○○ PLAY. Mime an emotion. Your partner guesses how you feel. word bank angry · happy sad · surprised My team loses the game. I feel SAD. I play with my friends. I feel HAPPY. The other children laugh at me. I feel ANGRY. My family gives me a party. I feel SURPRISED. I feel happy! n i n e · 9
Our body has three main parts: head, trunk and limbs. What is our body like? word bank head · limb organ · trunk 5 ●○○ CLASSIFY. Copy and complete the table. Where can we find these parts? The face is on the head. The arms are the upper limbs. The trunk is the central part of the body, from the neck to the waist. The thorax and the abdomen are in the trunk. The legs are the lower limbs. head trunk upper limbs lower limbs cheek forehead chin wrist hand elbow leg abdomen forearm knee hip shoulder ankle thigh arm foot thorax cheek abdomen leg chin arm thorax Head Trunk Limbs ... ... ... neck waist 10 · t e n
1 ORGANS INVOLVED IN REPRODUCTION ORGANS INVOLVED IN NUTRITION ORGANS INVOLVED IN SENSITIVITY Inside our body There are many organs inside our body. Organs carry out the life processes. ovary stomach intestines testicle mouth lung heart vagina penis muscle bone tongue nose eye skin ear brain nerves 6 ●●○ L00K at the pictures and SAY the name of an organ. Your partner says the life process it carries out. Brain! Sensitivity? FEMALE MALE e l e v e n · 11
Our skeleton and our muscles work together so that we can move our body. The skeleton Our skeleton is made up of our bones and joints. How do we move our body? Bones are rigid, resistant organs. They support and protect our body. Joints are the places where bones meet. The skeleton bends at joints. skull ribs humerus ulna radius femur fibula tibia elbow knee backbone word bank bone · muscle joint · sleleton 12 · t w e l v e
1 masseter trapezius triceps gluteus biceps femoris calf muscle pectoral biceps abdominals qudriceps tibialis anterior Muscles Muscles are elastic organs attached to our bones. They contract and relax to move our bones. 7 ●●○ COPY and COMPLETE the sentences in your notebook Our skeleton is made up of bones and … Bones are … organs. Muscles are … organs. Muscles pull on the … and help them to move. B e a Sc i e nt i s t ! OBSERVE Bend your arm. Which joint do we use to bend it? Which bones meet at this joint? Which muscle is contracted? t h i r t e e n · 13
ADOLESCENCE Teenagers prepare to become adults. Boys and girls develop in different ways. Teenagers develop personal tastes and are more independent. CHILDHOOD During early childhood, babies change very fast. Newborn babies drink milk and are dependent on adults. Children learn to read and write at school. How do we grow and change? As we grow, we go through different stages of life. 7 ●○○ WRITE the stage of life your friends and family members are at. 8 ●●● EXPLAIN what you can do on your own. baby child teenagers word bank adolescence adulthood childhood old age I can… INVESTIGATE Our teeth change with age. What are milk teeth? What are adult teeth? B e a Sc i e nt i s t ! 14 · f o u r t e e n
1 ADULTHOOD Adults stop growing. Their body is fully developed. They can have children. Adult minds can assume responsibilities like working and caring for a family. OLD AGE Elderly people begin to lose strength. Their bones are fragile and their muscles become weaker. However, they can still be active. We can learn from their experience. adults elderly people "Elderly people cannot do sports." · What do you think about this statement? Is it true or false? · What do the elderly people you know do? Tru e or F a l s e I think elderly people can... My grandmother goes for a walk every morning. f i f t e e n · 15
How can we stay healthy? When we are healthy, we feel good and our body works well. Healthy habits keep us healthy. word bank exercise good posture healthy food · hygiene leisure · sleep sport Have good hygiene habits to prevent illnesses. Have a shower every day. Wash your hands and clean your teeth regularly. Eat healthy foods. They keep your body working correctly. Wash fruits and vegetables before you eat them. Help to keep your house clean and tidy. B e a Sc i e nt i s t ! INVESTIGATE Doctors recommend a Mediterranean diet. What is it? Find a picture of the types of food this diet includes. Cut them out or draw them. Label them. 16 · s i x t e e n
1 Exercise and do sports regularly. They keep you healthy and happy. Have good posture. It keeps your back straight and strong. Do leisure activities. They help you to feel happy and relaxed. Sleep about ten hours every night to wake up with energy. TH I N K AB0UT IT ! Which of these words do you associate with being healthy? tired • happy • clean relaxed • sad • energetic strong • stressed • dirty 9 ●●○ LISTEN and WRITE. Are these healthy habits? 10 ●●● DRAW your favourite leisure activity in your notebook. Write a sentence to describe it. I like… It makes me feel good to… s e v e n t e e n · 17
DISCUSS. Do you think you have healthy habits? complete the questionnaire about your habits. Copy this questionnaire in your notebook. Check your score and read the result. A N A LY S E YO U R H A B I T S STEAM LAB SCIENCE W0RKSH0P Health questionnaire 1. How many times a week do you have a shower? a) less than 3 times b) between 4 and 5 times c) every day 2. How many times a day do you clean your teeth? a) once b) twice c) after every meal 3. How much sport or exercise do you do every week? a) 1 hour b) 2 hours c) more than 3 hours 4. How many times a week do you eat sweets? a) more than 3 times b) 2 or 3 times c) once 5. How many hours do you sleep at night? a) less than 8 hours b) 8 to 9 hours c) 10 hours at least CHECK your score. For each answer count: a) 1 point b) 3 points c) 5 points Share your results with your classmates. Which habits do you need to improve? I play basketball every day. RESULTS: 20 to 25 points. Congratulations! You have very healthy habits! 10 to 20 points. You need to correct a few habits, but you are quite healthy. Under 10 points. Oh dear! Think about how to improve your habits! 18 · e i g h t e e n
M A K E YO U R OW N S T E T H O S C O P E STEAM LAB TECH W0RKSH0P ANSWER. Which level of activity makes your heartbeat faster? MAKE a simple model of a stethoscope. Follow these steps: Place the funnel into one end of the cardboard tube. Secure it with tape. Use the scissors to cut off the top third of the balloon. Stretch the balloon tightly over the open end of the funnel. Secure the balloon with some tape to hold it in place. Student 1 Student 2 At rest ... ... After running for 30 seconds ... ... CHECK your stethoscope works. Take turns to listen to your partner's heartbeat. Count the beats you hear in a minute and complete the table. My heartbeat is faster when I... Doctors use a stethoscope. This instrument listens to a patient's heartbeat and breathing. You need a plastic funnel a cardboard tube from a kitchen roll insulating tape a balloon scissors a stopwatch 1 n i n e t e e n · 19
Let's read! READ the text about vaccines. DESCRIBE what your doctor does when you have a check-up. SAY what doctors usually do in a check-up. Look in your mouth. Examine your ears. Listen to your chest. Examine your stomach. LISTEN to the description of your doctor's job. Let's speak! TALK about your doctor. JOBS IN HEALTH nurse She listens to my heartbeat. She tests my eyes. LANGUAGE MAKERS Why d o we g e t va c c i n a te d ? Vaccines are substances that prevent diseases. Scientists develop them in laboratories. A vaccine teaches your body how to fight against a specific disease. A nurse gives you an injection in the arm with a needle containing the vaccine. It is very quick! It will prevent you from getting ill. Vaccines are safe, even for little babies. They will not harm you. Your dog and other pets also need to get vaccinated! So, don't be scared when it is your turn! FIND these words. A substance that teaches your body to fight a disease. A person whose job is to take care of people's health. People who study how to prevent diseases. 20 · t w e n t y
SHARE your poster with the class, your family and friends. How can you help them to improve their habits? Healthy habits will help us to enjoy good health throughout our lives. TAKE ACTI0N I M P R OV E YO U R H A B I T S MAKE a poster with your promises to stay healthy. Think of healthy habits and write your promises. A dd a title and include drawings or photos on your poster. P ut your poster up at home to remember to keep your promises. Clean your teeth after each meal. Do some exercise every day. Healthy habit promises I promise to stay healthy by following these habits: I will clean my teeth after every meal. I will have a shower every day. I will ride my bicycle at weekends. I will eat two pieces of fruit every day. I will play with my friends outdoors. I will sleep about ten hours every night. t w e n t y - o n e · 21 1
Organise the information 2 ●○○ C0PY and C0MPLETE the concept map. Use these words: testicles bones trunk healthy food OUR BODY PARTS ORGANS HEALTHY HABITS stomach ovaries or … brain head limbs exercise leisure time good hygiene good posture … … … Summary 1 ●○○ LISTEN and C0MPLETE the summary. C H E C K YO U R P R O G R E S S People are living things. Living things carry out th ree basic life processes to survive: • Nutrition: we get raw materials and … from food. • Sensitivity: we … what happens around us and respond to it. • Reproduction: we have … similar to ourselves. 22 · t w e n t y -two
Apply 3 ●●○ WRITE an organ involved in each life process. Nutrition: ... Sensitivity: ... Reproduction: ... 4 ●●○ COPY AND COMPLETE the table in your notebook. Write an example in each column. head trunk arm leg bones ... ... ... ... muscles ... ... ... ... 5 ●●○ MATCH the stages of life in your notebook. 6 ●●● WRITE three healthy habits you have. - I sleep ten hours every night. My portfolio Choose one task and keep it. DRAW faces that express different feelings and name them. MAKE a poster about the stages of life. WRITE about your favourite sport. How does it make you feel? My progress 7 C0PY and C0MPLETE in your notebook. Now I know that... I want to learn more about... I stay healthy by... Babies Teenagers Adults Elderly people change very fast. are fully developed. have a lot of life experiences. develop personal tastes. 1 t w e n t y - t h r e e · 23
Unit 1. We have healthy habits 1. People carry out three life processes: a) breathing, excretion and reproduction. b) nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction. c) energy, senses and offspring. 2. Our body has three main parts: a) head, trunk and limbs. b) face, trunk and limbs. c) face, abdomen and limbs. 3. The brain and nerves are involved in… a) nutrition. b) reproduction. c) sensitivity. 4. Teenagers… a) stop growing. b) are dependent on adults. c) develop personal tastes. 5. We need to sleep about... a) ten hours every night. b) eight hours every night. c) seven hours every night. Test time! CH00SE the correct answers and write them in your notebook. R E V I E W 1 A N D 2 Unit 2. We protect animals 6. Viviparous animals… a) lay eggs. b) give birth to live young. c) eat plants. 7. Vertebrates… a) do not have an internal skeleton. b) have a backbone. c) are oviparous. 8. Invertebrates include… a) molluscs. b) mammals. c) amphibians. 9. Worms... a) have tentacles. b) have a shell. c) have no legs. 10. All molluscs have a… a) shell. b) tentacle. c) soft body. 38 · t h i r t y - e i g h t
Play time! PLAY riddles. Step 1. Read the riddles. Step 2. Write the answer to each riddle in your notebook. Step 3. The first team to solve all the riddles correctly is the winner. I'm a part of the human body. I'm on the head. I include the forehead, cheeks, chin and neck. We are organs involved in female reproduction. We are small and round. 3 1 We are part of the body of some animals. We help them to take in oxygen from water. 2 I'm a stage of life. People learn to read and write during this stage. 5 4 I'm an invertebrate. I'm shaped like an umbrella and I can sting with my tentacles. I'm the main part of a skeleton. I'm characteristic of vertebrates. 6 t h i r t y - n i n e · 39
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