138 I Appendix Glossary Alberti bass: Type of instrumental accompaniment from the Classical period. It consisted of arpeggiating the three notes of each chord so they are played in this order: lowest-highest-middle-highest. Aleatoric music: Musical movement from the second half of the 20th century based on chance and improvisation. Andalusian classical music: Type of music developed during the Middle Ages in al-Andalus, which was a fusion of Arab music and the indigenous music of the occupied territories on the Iberian Peninsula. A rpeggio: Technique of performing the notes of a chord in sequence, one after the other. Atonality: Musical movement from the first half of the 20th century that made use of dissonance. Ballet: Type of theatrical performance that tells a story through a combination of music, dance and mime. Basso continuo: Type of instrumental accompaniment from the Baroque period performed by a polyphonic or a bass instrument that performs the bass melody, and another polyphonic instrument that performs the rest of the harmony. Bridge (or interlude): Section that joins two parts of a piece of music. Cadence: Formula that creates a sense of resolution with chords. They are used to divide the parts of a musical excerpt. They can be: & www ww I V & ww www V I antecedent consequent Cantata: Baroque vocal composition, originally secular and later religious. It consists of a sequence of recitatives (semi-sung parts), arias (sung parts performed by one or two soloists) and choruses. Chord: Set of three or more notes that form a harmonic unit. The most common type is called the triad, consisting of three notes, generally with intervals of thirds between them. Coda: Consequent musical section that we use at the end of a work or a part of that work. Compound metre: Type of metre in which each beat is divided into three parts of equal duration. Concerto: Instrumental composition for the orchestra dating back to the Baroque period. It’s performed by one or more soloists and it consists of three or four movements at different tempos. Consonance: Pleasant sound produced when we hear two or more notes together. Dissonance: Unpleasant sound produced when we hear two or more notes together. Electroacoustic music: composing technique from the second half of the 20th century that combined real sounds with other electronically generated sounds. Ethnomusicology: Discipline that studies traditional, folk and world music. Expressionism: Musical movement from the first half of the 20th century. Its main characteristics are atonality and the twelve- tone technique, dissonance, Sprechgesang and a strong rhythm. It's composed for small chamber ensembles. Goliard: Wandering cleric or mendicant student in the Middle Ages. They wrote satirical poetry that often criticised the Church and those who had more power. Graphic score: Way of representing music graphically. Jos Wuytack invented it in 1970 to help people to listen to music actively and understand it better. Gregorian chant: plainsong developed for liturgy in the Catholic church. Harmony: Notes of different pitches that are performed simultaneously, forming chords. Homorhythmic homophony: Polyphonic musical texture consisting of several similar melodic lines that move simultaneously. They have the same words and a similar or identical rhythm ( homorhythm). Imitative counterpoint: Polyphonic musical texture consisting of several melodic lines that imitate each other, but start at different times. The clearest example is the canon. Impressionism: Musical movement from the first half & œ œ œ œ & ∏∏∏∏ ww & ww 6 9 12 8 8 8
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