1 1. Experimental sciences S ci ence i s div i ded into branches that study di f ferent types of probl ems. Here are some examples. Phy sic s a nd chem i st r y a re ex per i ment a l sc iences becau se i n a dd it ion to log ic and obser vation, they a lso use exper imentation and measurement . Science is an act iv it y that solves problems through obser vat ion and log ic. Is astrology a science? Astrolog y and other "occu lt sciences" study phenomena that have no explanation. They are ca l led occu lt because knowledge of them is only avai lable to certain people and remains hidden from others. Unlike real sciences, they are not rational or precise. They are not based on measurement, experiments, data analysis, verif ication or other characteristics of science. They prov ide no reasons or understanding. Astrolog y is not a science! T R U E OR FALSE ? 3 What is science? What are experimental sciences? 4 Decide whether physics or chemistry would study these topics: a) The movement of objects. b) The attraction of magnets. c) The fermentation of wine. d) The melting temperature of metals. 5 Search for information and explain what the sciences in the diagram above study. A C T I V I T I E S Med icine Wh ich vaccine is the best for ma la r ia? Botany Astronomy Optics Biolog y Why do plants g row in some soi ls but not in others? Oncolog y Physics How does water tu rn into steam? Sociolog y Genetics Chemistr y What a re the elements of water? Astrochemistr y Biochemistr y Chemistr y stud ies the chemica l composit ion of mat ter and changes that a f fect its natu re. Chemica l changes transform a substance into another substance. Physics stud ies changes in mat ter that do not a f fect its natu re. A f ter a physica l change, the substance does not change; it is st i l l the same substance. CHALLENGE 11
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