3 TERM G l o s s a r y CANON: when several voices or instruments perform the same piece, but start at different times. CHILDREN’S CHOIR: choir with only children. CHOIR: group of people singing together. DURATION: it indicates if a sound is long or short. It's shown by note values and rests. DOWNBEAT: first beat of each bar that is always louder than the others. DYNAMIC INDICATORS: signs that show the dynamics of the music, like p (piano), quiet; mp (mezzopiano), moderately quiet; mf (mezzoforte), moderately loud, and f (forte), loud. ELECTROPHONES: instruments that use electricity to generate sound. GRAPHIC SCORE: way to visually represent aspects of the music (timbre, pitch, duration and dynamics). MARCHING BAND: musical ensemble made up of wind and percussion instruments. They play at parades and local celebrations. MELODY: series of notes with different pitches and durations. OPERA: theatre play performed by several singers and an orchestra. ORCHESTRA: musical ensemble made up of more than a hundred musicians. It includes string, wind and percussion instruments, and also a conductor. PITCH: it indicates if a sound is high or low. It's shown by the notes on the stave. RHYTHM: series of sounds with different durations. RUMBA: flamenco palo that is a mixture with Cuban music. It's in quadruple metre, cheerful and very quick, with a rest on the first beat of the bar. SOLOIST: singer who sings alone or has a prominent role within a group. TEMPO INDICATORS: Italian words that indicate the speed of the music, like adagio (slowly), andante (at medium speed) and allegro (quickly). We write them above the stave. Gradual changes of tempo are called accelerando and ritardando. TIMBRE: it helps us to identify what we are hearing. UNISON: when several voices or instruments perform the same piece at the same time. VERDIALES: Andalusian music performed by pandas de verdiales. It's in triple metre, very quick and cheerful. VOICES (flamenco): laína (high-pitched and colourful ), natural (it comes out easily from the chest), fácil (changing easily from low to high notes) and rasgada (hoarse and hard). VOICES (opera): bass (male, low), tenor (male, high), contralto (female, low) and soprano (female, high). < 71 >
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