2 P R I M A R Y Natural Science This book is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Editorial department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence. EDITORS Vicente Camacho, Virginia R. Mitchell, Lydia Molina, Patricia G. Rivera, Mercedes Rodríguez-Piñero, Araceli Sansano ILLUSTRATORS Jordi Baeza, Laufer (Laura Fernández), Sandra de la Prada CLIL CONSULTANT Sheila Tourle EDITORIAL MANAGERS María Antonia Oliva, Carmen Ríos PROJECT DIRECTOR Maite López-Sáez BILINGUAL PROJECT DIRECTOR Margarita España
World MakErs MATERIALS HAVE AN OPEN MIND. ASK QUESTIONS AND INVESTIGATE. BE CREATIVE. COMMUNICATE. BE A CRITICAL THINKER. COLLABORATE WITH OTHERS. SHOW SOLIDARITY. BE AUTONOMOUS. I LOVE LEARNING! Trees have a hard, thick stem called a trunk. They have high branches. Bushes have short, hard stems. They grow low, near the ground. Herbs have soft, flexible stems. They are usually shorter than bushes. 46 · F O R T Y- S I X F O R T Y- S E V E N · 47 How are plants different? There are many different types of plants. We can classify them by looking at their stems and leaves. BUSHES HERBS Evergreen trees have leaves all year round. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in autumn. TREES 1 What are plants with different stems like? CIRCLE. Trees have a soft / hard stem called a trunk. Bushes grow low / high, near the ground. Herbs are usually taller / shorter than bushes. Herbs have hard / flexible stems. 2 WRITE the type of plant according to its stem. THINK ABOUT IT! LOOK at how these trees change with the seasons. Are they evergreen or deciduous? » In which season do they lose their leaves? TICK. Plants with different stems BUSH • DECIDUOUS EVERGREEN HERB TREE WORD BANK DECIDUOUS EVERGREEN Trees and bushes with different leaves TREE BUSH HERB AUTUMN SPRING SUMMER WINTER THEY ARE… olive tree lavender tulips fir tree chesnut 3
WORK IN TEAMS and take the CHALLENGE. EXPLORE the world around you and ASK questions about the Learning situation. What can you do to make the world a better place? INVESTIGATE and LEARN new things. S T E P 1 S T E P 2 S T E P 3 S T E P 4 LEARN BY DOING Develop your skills in the STEAM lab. Communicate in Language makers. Then Take action to change the world. CHECK YOUR PROGRESS What have you learnt? Follow the lEarNINg path to a better world!
What are you going to LEARN? We love our bodies 6 We recycle materials 78 We look after our bodies 22 We use technology responsibly 94 How can we recycle materials? How can we use technology responsibly? CHALLENGE: SAVE WATER CHALLENGE: IMPROVE OUR NE IGHBOURHOOD Prepare a campaign to save water Make a field journal of living things – The stages of life – Life processes – Bones, joints and muscles – The respiratory system – The digestive system – The scientific method – The states of matter – Pure substances and mixtures – Materials and their properties – Light and sound – Digital devices – Internet and the search for information – Computer programs – The safe use of technology – The health centre – Healthy habits – Food groups – Accident prevention 1 We protect plants 58 How can we protect plants? – The parts of a plant – Different types of plants – Plant reproduction – The importance of plants 4 5 2 We like animals 42 How can we respect animal habitats? – Animal groups – Mammals and birds – Fish, reptiles and amphibians – Invertebrates – Animal habitats 3 6 Plan a healthy menu for a week CHALLENGE: KE EP HEALTHY REV I EW 1 AND 2 REV I EW 3 AND 4 REV I EW 5 AND 6 MY P ICTURE D ICT IONARY Essential knowledge How can we keep our body healthy? Learning situation How can we look after our body?
Science workshop Make a feely bag Tech workshop Keep safe Science workshop Prepare a healthy meal Tech workshop Search the internet Sign language Energy for the future A powerful mind Great inventions Make an atlas of the human body Recycle materials Improve your healthy habits Use technology responsibly Design workshop Design plant pots Super foods Protect plants Science workshop Classify animals Helpful animals Respect animal habitats STEAM lab Language makers Take action What are you going to DO?
QUICK QUIZ! Name an animal with scales. Name an animal with wings. Think of another question to ask the class. PARROT HORSES We like animals 3 Animals live in many different places. How can we respect these places? LEARNING SITUATION 42 · F O R T Y- T WO
BEES JELLYFISH WORK WITH THE PHOTOS Which animals can fly? Which animal lives in the sea? Which animal is covered with fur? MY STUDY PLAN Learn • Animal groups • Mammals and birds • Fish, reptiles and amphibians • Invertebrates • Animal habitats Do STEAM lab • Classify animals Language makers • Helpful animals Take action • Respect animal habitats Check your progress F O R T Y- T H R E E · 43
How do we classify animals? There are many different types of animals. We can classify animals according to their main characteristics. There are two large groups. 44 · F O R T Y- F O U R VERTEBRATES INVERTEBRATES BEE WOLF Vertebrate animals have an internal SKELETON. It is made of bones. Invertebrate animals do not have an internal skeleton. SPIDER SNAIL Vertebrates have a head, a trunk, and limbs. Many of them have a tail. wing fin TRUNK foot HEAD LIMBS There are five groups of vertebrates: REPTILES AMPHIBIANS MAMMALS BIRDS FISH skeleton tail INVERTEBRATE SKELETON VERTEBRATE WORD BANK BUTTERFLY
F O R T Y- F I V E · 45 1 Which group of vertebrates do these animals belong to? MATCH. REPTILE BIRD AMPHIBIAN MAMMAL FISH LION LIZARD PIGEON FROG GOLDFISH THINK ABOUT IT! COMPARE. How are these animals similar? How are they different? THEY BOTH HAVE… DUCK BUTTERFLY THE DUCK IS A... 3
46 · F O R T Y- S I X What are mammals and birds like? MAMMALS are viviparous. They are born from their mother’s womb and drink their mother’s milk. Most of them are covered with fur. Most of them have four legs. They use them to walk and run. They have teeth. BIRDS are oviparous. They are born from eggs. They are covered with feathers. They have two wings. Most birds use them to fly. They have two feet to walk or swim. They have a beak. Some mammals live in water. They use fins to move. Bats are the only mammals that have wings. BIRD MAMMAL OVIPAROUS VIVIPAROUS WORD BANK beak
F O R T Y- S E V E N · 47 1 Are these characteristics of mammals or of birds? WRITE M (mammals) or B (birds). They have a beak. They are covered with fur. They have teeth. They are covered with feathers. 2 COMPLETE the index card about the owl. THINK ABOUT IT! DISCUSS. What type of vertebrates are we? OWL HOW ARE WE BORN? DO WE HAVE TEETH? DO WE DRINK OUR MOTHER’S MILK? Body covering: Limbs: It can... swim fly slither It is born from its mother’s womb / an egg. It is a mammal / bird. 3
FISH are oviparous. They live in water. They have fins. They are covered with scales. They breathe through gills. REPTILES are oviparous. Some reptiles live on land, like lizards, and others spend time in water, like crocodiles. Most reptiles have a long tail. They are covered with scales. Some have a hard shell, like tortoises. AMPHIBIANS are oviparous. They live on land and in water. They are covered with bare skin. Most amphibians have four legs and a tail. What are fish, reptiles and amphibians like? 48 · F O R T Y- E I G H T salmon lizard tortoise salamander AMPHIBIAN FISH REPTILE WORD BANK Tadpoles are baby amphibians. They live in water. GILLS
1 DESCRIBE these animals for your partner to guess the type of vertebrate. F O R T Y- N I N E · 49 Tadpoles grow legs. Frogs lay eggs. Tadpoles are born from eggs. They have a tail to swim. Tadpoles lose their tails and become frogs. They live on land and in water. BE A SCIENTIST! OBSERVE. What is the life cycle of a frog? NUMBER. SNAKE TOAD A SNAKE IS COVERED WITH... IT IS A... CLOWNFISH 1 2 3 4 1 3
What are invertebrates like? INVERTEBRATES do not have an internal skeleton with bones. Most invertebrates are oviparous. There are many different groups. INSECTS are the largest group of invertebrates. They have six legs and two antennae. Most have wings, like bees. Others, like ants, do not have wings. Jellyfish have a soft body with tentacles. Snails have a hard shell to protect their bodies. Crabs have claws and a hard shell. 50 · F I F T Y INSECT INVERTEBRATE WORD BANK Some young insects look very different when they grow up into adult insects. EGGS CATERPILLAR BUTTERFLY CHRYSALIS head WASP wings leg antennae
1 CIRCLE the characteristics of invertebrate animals. Invertebrates have / do not have an internal skeleton. They are viviparous / oviparous. Insects are the smallest / largest group of invertebrates. Insects have one / two antennae. 2 LABEL the parts of an insect. F I F T Y- O N E · 51 BE A SCIENTIST! INVESTIGATE. Are spiders insects? TICK. Do they have wings? Yes No Do they have antennae? Yes No How many legs do they have? six legs eight legs ten legs Are spiders insects? Yes No LEGS WINGS ANTENNAE 3
Where do animals live? Animals live in places where they can find food, shelter and reproduce. These places are called HABITATS. Some animals live on land, in TERRESTRIAL habitats. Other animals live in water, in AQUATIC habitats. 52 · F I F T Y- T WO AQUATIC HABITATS TERRESTRIAL HABITATS AQUATIC HABITAT TERRESTRIAL WORD BANK DESERTS MOUNTAINS GRASSLAND FORESTS THE POLES RAINFORESTS SEAS AND OCEANS RIVERS, LAKES AND PONDS
1 How are these animals adapted to their habitats? LISTEN and MATCH. F I F T Y- T H R E E · 53 CAMEL FROG SEAL SALMON THINK ABOUT IT! What do these animals eat? OBSERVE and WRITE H (herbivore), C (carnivore) or O (omnivore). GRASS BEETLE MOUSE OWL It needs to keep its skin wet. It stores fat to stay hydrated. It has gills to breathe underwater. A thick layer of fur keeps it warm. 3
STEAM LAB SCIENCE WoRKSHoP C L A S S I F Y A N I M A L S READ the questions and WRITE feathers, fur and scales. CLASSIFY these animals. We can ask yes/no questions to classify animals. We can identify which group each animal belongs to. It is a VERTEBRATE. It is an INVERTEBRATE. It is an AMPHIBIAN. It is a FISH. Does the animal have an internal skeleton? Does it have fins? 6 NO YES It is a MAMMAL. Does it have ? 2 1 It is a BIRD. Does it have ? 3 It is a REPTILE. Does it have ? Does it have legs? 5 4 NO NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES BEE COW SNAKE 54 · F I F T Y- F O U R
H E L P F U L A N I M A L S LANGUAGE MAKERS 3 Let’s read! READ about how animals help us. Animals are very important for people. They can help us in our daily lives. Pets are animals that live in our houses and keep us company. Guide dogs help people who are blind or have impaired vision. Some animals help to rescue people when there are natural disasters. They are really helpful and can save lives! Let’s write! DESCRIBE your favourite animal. My favourite animal is a It is covered with and it has It is a Let’s sing! LISTEN and SING along. WE LOVE ANIMALS! F I F T Y- F I V E · 55
R E S P E C T A N I M A L H A B I TAT S TAKE ACTIoN Where do these animals live? MATCH. 1. MELTING OF THE ICE 2. PLASTIC WASTE 3. TREES CUT DOWN What can we do to protect habitats? WRITE. DO: DON’T: MAKE CAMPFIRES TAKE YOUR LITTER HOME RECYCLE THROW AWAY PLASTIC What problems affect these habitats? NUMBER. 56 · F I F T Y- S I X SQUIRREL POLAR BEAR TURTLE OCEAN FOREST THE POLES
F I F T Y- S E V E N · 57 3 DRAW an insect and LABEL the parts of its body. My progress I can classify vertebrates. I can describe invertebrate animals. I work well with my group. OK VERY GOOD GOOD 2 How are these animals born? WRITE V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). reptiles fish mammals amphibians birds insects 1 READ and CIRCLE classify animals. Vertebrates / Invertebrates do not have bones inside their body. Vertebrates / Invertebrates have an internal skeleton. Vertebrates / Invertebrates are all oviparous. There are five groups of vertebrates / invertebrates: mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. C H E C K YO U R P R O G R E S S 3
STA R T IS THIS PLANT A TREE, A SHRUB OR A HERB? IS A SNAKE A REPTILE OR AN AMPHIBIAN? NAME A FOOD THAT WE GET FROM PLANTS. DO FERNS HAVE FLOWERS OR SPORES? ARE THESE WILD PLANTS OR CULTIVATED PLANTS? HOW MANY LEGS DO INSECTS HAVE? NAME AN INVERTEBRATE. THE STEM OF A TREE IS CALLED A… 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 R E V I E W 3 A N D 4 Play time! YOU NEED A COIN HEADS MOVE 2 SPACES. TAILS MOVE 1 SPACE. INSTRUCTIONS FLIP THE COIN. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. 72 · S E V E N T Y- T WO
NAME A TYPE OF VERTEBRATE. HOW MANY WINGS DO BIRDS HAVE? NAME THE PARTS OF A PLANT. WHAT ARE MAMMALS COVERED WITH? IS THIS AN EVERGREEN TREE OR A DECIDUOUS TREE? IS THIS A SEED PLANT OR A SEEDLESS PLANT? DO SEALS LIVE IN THE DESERT OR THE POLES? F I N I S H IS THIS AN AQUATIC HABITAT OR A TERRESTRIAL HABITAT? 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 16 S E V E N T Y- T H R E E · 73
74 · S E V E N T Y- F O U R All living things need water to live. For this reason, we need to use water responsibly. How can we save water? CHALLENGE PREPARE A CAMPAIGN TO SAVE WATER SAVE WATER Starting point OBSERVE and TICK the healthy plant. What does the other plant need?
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