2 P R I M A R Y Social Science This book is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Editorial department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence. EDITORS Virginia R. Mitchell, Lydia Molina, Nuria del Peso, Patricia G. Rivera, Araceli Sansano ILLUSTRATORS Laufer (Laura Fernández), Sandra de la Prada CLIL CONSULTANT Sheila Tourle EDITORIAL MANAGER María Antonia Oliva PROJECT DIRECTOR Maite López-Sáez BILINGUAL PROJECT DIRECTOR Margarita España
World MakErs MATERIALS HAVE AN OPEN MIND. ASK QUESTIONS AND INVESTIGATE. BE CREATIVE. COMMUNICATE. BE A CRITICAL THINKER. COLLABORATE WITH OTHERS. SHOW SOLIDARITY. I LOVE LEARNING! BE AUTONOMOUS. 8 · E I G H T N I N E · 9 What can we find in the Universe? There are differente types of CELESTIAL BODIES in the Universe. PLANET SATELLITE SOLAR SYSTEM STAR WORD BANK The SOLAR SYSTEM is made up of the Sun, eight planets and other celestial bodies. SUN VENUS MARS EARTH JUPITER SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE MERCURY OBSERVE. Number the planets from the closest to the furthest from the Sun. » Which is the biggest planet? And the smallest? Biggest planet: Smallest planet: BE A SCIENTIST! EARTH SUN MOON Satellites move around a planet. The Moon is the Earth's natural satellite. Planets move around a star. We live on planet Earth. Stars emit light and heat. The Sun is a star. 1 DESCRIBE these celestial bodies for your partner to guess. SATELLITE STAR PLANET A PLANET! THIS CELESTIAL BODY MOVES AROUND A STAR. EARTH MERCURY URANUS VENUS SATURN MARS JUPITER NEPTUNE 1 1
EXPLORE the world around you and ASK questions about the Learning situation. What can you do to make the world a better place? S T E P 1 S T E P 4 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS What have you learnt? Follow the lEarNiNg path to a better world! INVESTIGATE and LEARN new things. S T E P 2 S T E P 3 LEARN BY DOING Develop your skills in the GEO lab and the HISTORY lab. Communicate in Language makers and Take action to change the world. WORK IN TEAMS and take the CHALLENGE.
What are you going to LEARN? CHALLENGE: IMPROVE OUR NE IGHBOURHOOD Design a plan to improve parks We work efficiently 42 How can we work together? – Jobs in nature – Jobs in industry – Jobs in services – Trade 3 We explore different landscapes 6 We love our neighbourhood 22 How can we look after landscapes? How can we be good neighbours? – Physical and human features in landscapes – Coastal landscapes – Flat landscapes and mountain landscapes – The course of a river – Rocks and minerals – Villages, towns and cities – We live together – Road safety rules – The local council 1 2 We investigate our history 92 What can we learn from our family history? – Personal history – The history of my home town – Historical monuments – Historical figures 6 Invent a game to keep us active CHALLENGE: KE EP HEALTHY REV I EW 1 AND 2 CHALLENGE: SAVE WATER Write tips for saving water REV I EW 3 AND 4 REV I EW 5 AND 6 MY P ICTURE D ICT IONARY Essential knowledge Learning situation We discover the Universe 78 – The Solar System – Maps – The movements of the Earth – The Moon 5 How can we protect the Earth? We need air and water 56 – The properties of water – Water in nature – The water cycle – The properties of air – Weather and atmospheric phenomena 4 How can we keep air and water clean?
Design workshop Make a money box When I grow up Work together Geography workshop Find directions Geography workshop Read a street map My favourite place Our responsibilities Look after landscapes Be a good neighbour Design workshop Create a family album Great minds Share your family tree GEO / HISTORY lab Language makers Take action What are you going to DO? Geography workshop Act out the Earth's movements Amazing astronauts Protect the Earth Geography workshop Record weather data Weather forecast Keep air and water clean
6 · S I X We explore different landscapes 1 We enjoy landscapes. We do many activities like hiking, swimming and camping there. How can we look after them? QUICK QUIZ! Name a part of a landscape. Name a type of landscape. Think of another question to ask the class. LEARNING SITUATION
S E V E N · 7 WORK WITH THE PHOTO What can you see? Is it a mountain or a coastal landscape? Is the child near a lake or a river? MY STUDY PLAN Learn Physical and human features in landscapes Coastal landscapes Flat landscapes and mountain landscapes The course of a river Rocks and minerals Do GEO lab Find directions Language makers My favourite place Take action Look after landscapes Check your progress
8 · E I G H T What can we see in a landscape? A LANDSCAPE is all the features of an area of land. Landscapes have physical features and human features. Landscapes change over time and also with the seasons. NATURAL LANDSCAPES have very few human features. HUMAN LANDSCAPES have many human features. People change landscapes to cultivate plants and to build villages, cities and roads. HUMAN LANDSCAPE NATURAL WORD BANK Physical features are natural, like rivers, mountains and trees. Human features are made by people, like houses and bridges. A landscape in spring. A landscape in winter.
N I N E · 9 1 CLASSIFY the features in this landscape. HUMAN FEATURES PHYSICAL FEATURES How do people change landscapes over time? OBSERVE the photos of the same landscape. WRITE before and after. THINK ABOUT IT! MOUNTAIN LAKE VILLAGE BRIDGE A B 1
There are different physical features in COASTAL LANDSCAPES. What are coastal landscapes like? The COAST is land that meets the sea. Many people live on the coast. In summer, more people go on holiday to the coast. People transform many coastal landscapes. BAY • BEACH CAPE • CLIFF COAST • ISLAND PENINSULA WORD BANK A CLIFF is an area of high land. Cliffs are made of rock. A BEACH is an area of low land. Beaches are made of sand or stones. A CAPE is an area of land that extends into the sea. A BAY is an area of sea that extends into the land. A gulf is a big bay. 10 · T E N
1 CIRCLE the features in coastal landscapes. A cape / bay is an area of land that extends into the sea. A beach / gulf is a big bay. A group of islands is an archipelago / peninsula. 2 What features can you see in this coastal landscape? DESCRIBE it to your partner. A PENINSULA is an area of land with water on all sides except one. An ISLAND is an area of land with water on all sides. A group of islands is an archipelago. THIS IS A COASTAL LANDSCAPE. WE CAN SEE… 1 E L E V E N · 11
12 · T W E LV E What are inland landscapes like? INLAND LANDSCAPES are far from the sea. MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES Mountains are areas of high land. A group of mountains form a mountain range. Valleys are areas of low land between mountains. Rivers flow through valleys. Human features include small villages, narrow roads and tunnels. HILL • MOUNTAIN PLAIN • PLATEAU VALLEY WORD BANK 1 NUMBER the features of this mountain landscape. 5. MOUNTAIN RANGE 1. VILLAGE 3. BRIDGE 4. ROAD 6. TUNNEL 2. RIVER VALLEY MOUNTAIN slope peak foot
T H I R T E E N · 13 2 DRAW a flat landscape with these features. FARMLAND HILL TOWN PLAIN RIVER FLAT LANDSCAPES Plains are large areas of flat land. Sometimes there are low hills. Plateaus are large areas of high, flat land. Human features include cities, towns, farmland and motorways. HILL farmland town PLAIN PLATEAU 1
How do rivers change landscapes? A river is a large, moving body of fresh water. It flows through many different landscapes. The route of a river is the course. COURSE MOUTH RIVER SOURCE WORD BANK SOURCE MOUTH 14 · F O U R T E E N UPPER COURSE Rivers start in the MOUNTAINS. They are narrow and carry little water. They flow fast. LOWER COURSE At the COAST, rivers are wide and flow very slowly. Rivers end at the sea. MIDDLE COURSE On the PLAINS, rivers are wide and flow slowly. They collect water from tributaries, small rivers that flow into larger rivers. tributary
1 MATCH the photos to the course of the river. 2 What do we call a small river that flows into a larger river? TICK. source mouth tributary MIDDLE COURSE LOWER COURSE UPPER COURSE F I F T E E N · 15 OBSERVE and COLOUR. What can you see in this river? » What can we do to keep rivers clean? TELL your classmates. BE A SCIENTIST! BOTTLES FISH PLASTIC BAGS FOOD CONTAINERS DON'T DROP LITTER! 1
What rocks can we find in landscapes? There are rocks all around us, in mountains, on cliffs, on the ground, in forests and at the bottom of the sea. MINERAL ROCK WORD BANK Rocks are made of MINERALS. They have different colours and shapes. Some are shiny. Iron, salt and diamonds are minerals. GRANITE SANDSTONE 16 · S I X T E E N Some rocks are HARD and RIGID, like granite. Other rocks are SOFT and BREAK EASILY, like sandstone. IRON DIAMOND We obtain rocks from quarries on the surface and mines deep underground. We use rocks to build houses, bridges and other constructions. SALT QUARRY
1 What are these rocks like? LISTEN and CIRCLE. 2 Is this bridge made of granite or clay? WRITE. BASALT CLAY MARBLE SLATE S E V E N T E E N · 17 HARD ROCK SOFT ROCK LOOK for a rock in your area. Bring it to class and DESCRIBE it. BE A SCIENTIST! WHAT DO WE USE IT FOR? WHAT COLOUR IS IT? DOES IT BREAK EASILY? This bridge is made of IS IT HARD OR SOFT? 1
F I N D D I R E C T I O N S GE0 LAB GE0GRAPHY W0RKSH0P READ the instructions and DRAW the path to get to the village. ASK questions using the cardinal points. WHAT IS NORTH OF THE MOUNTAINS? A FOREST! NORTH EAST WEST SOUTH 6 squares north 4 squares west 2 squares south 3 squares west 3 squares north START The cardinal points are north (N), south (S), east (E) and west (W). The four cardinal points help us find directions. We use them to locate places. 18 · E I G H T E E N
M Y FAVO U R I T E P L A C E LANGUAGE MAKERS Let’s read! READ about this landscape. I like to visit my grandmother. She lives in a village in the mountains. Her house is near a river with a bridge. The water is very cold. I only swim in the river in summer when it is hot. The village is in a valley. It is full of flowers in spring. In winter, it snows and I can make a snowman. It is my favourite place! Let’s sing! LISTEN and SING along. Let’s write! DESCRIBE your favourite place. What type of landscape is it? My favourite place is It is a landscape. There are BEAUTIFUL PLACES! 1 N I N E T E E N · 19
L O O K A F T E R L A N D S C A P E S TAKE ACTI0N How can we look after landscapes? MATCH and CROSS OUT the bad actions. What do you do when you visit a natural landscape? TICK. DON'T HARM PLANTS DON'T FEED WILD ANIMALS TAKE YOUR LITTER HOME 20 · T W E N T Y Landscapes are home to many different plants and animals. What can we do to look after landscapes? Do you take your litter home? yes no Do you pull up plants? yes no Do you disturb the animals? yes no Do you shout? yes no
1 COLOUR the features of each type of landscape. C H E C K YO U R P R O G R E S S MOUNTAIN RANGE VALLEY CLIFF MOUNTAIN PLAIN HILL BEACH PLATEAU ISLAND T W E N T Y- O N E · 21 My progress I can name landscape features. I can identify the parts of a river. I complete my tasks on time. OK VERY GOOD GOOD 3 DRAW a landscape. LABEL the physical and human features. 2 WRITE the parts of a mountain. COASTAL LANDSCAPES MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES FLAT LANDSCAPES CAPE SLOPE PEAK FOOT 1
SAVE WATER CHALLENGE WRITE TIPS FOR SAVING WATER 74 · S E V E N T Y- F O U R Starting point Where can we find salt water and fresh water? COLOUR. Is most water on Earth salt water or fresh water? WRITE. Most water on Earth is water. We need water to live. However, there is very little drinking water on Earth. How can we use it responsibly? SALT WATER FRESH WATER RIVER OCEAN SEA LAKE
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