5 Improvements in ship design From the end of the Middle Ages onwards, a number of new features were added to ships that helped to facilitate navigation . For example: A rudder was built into the stern. This made steering easier. Two types of sails were combined: triangular sails made it easier to change course. Square sails made it possible to sail at higher speeds. In addition , new types of ships were built. For example: The caravel was lighter, safer and could carr y more than other vessels of its time. (8) The galleon was introduced later. It had an even greater cargo capacity and was ver y well armed with cannons. Explain how technological development helped to drive exploration voyages. Imagine you were a peasant in the 15th century. Would you go on a ship to explore unknown territories? Imagine you were a member of the bourgeoisie. Would you provide money for the expedition? Modern maps, luxury items At the beginning of the Modern Age, updated maps showing the names and routes of the newly discovered lands were considered highly valuable items. (9) Modern maps of fered greater security on journeys, and the nobility and monarchies began to view them as luxur y items. Therefore, they started adding them to their collections. Investigate • Find out about Juan de la Cosa's map. When was it made? What does it represent? Where is it displayed today? • Think. Are maps considered objects of value today? Explain why. E X P L O R E 9. America on a Portuguese map made in 1550 8. Model of a caravel A. The square sail helped to sail when the wind blew from behind the stern. B. Triangular sails helped to steer when the wind blew against the ship. C. The hold was used to store provisions, fresh water and goods to be sold at the ship's destination. D. The captain's cabin was located under the stern. (E) A C B E D K E Y Q U E S T I O N S 131
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