4 Explain. Why were there so many voyages and expeditions at the beginning of the Modern Age? Were these for economic reasons only? Why did cartography develop in the early 16th century? 5 Read and analyse the text. Your Royal Highness will know that 18 crew have arrived on one of Captain Fernando Magallanes' 5 ships you sent to look for spices. But, your Royal Highness will not yet know our most important discover y. We have discovered that the world is round . We know this because we went west and returned from the east. On board the Nao Victoria in Sanlúcar, 6th September 1522. Ser vant of His Royal Highness, Captain Juan Sebastián Elcano (Adapted) Who signed this letter? Who else is mentioned in the text? What do you know about them? Is the year 1522 significant? Why? What is the main subject of the letter? Are there any other secondary ideas? What are the historical consequences of the event mentioned in the letter? How important was it? 8 Look at the photo. Think and answer the questions: Which peoples built Machu Picchu? Describe their way of life. What is the landscape like around Machu Picchu? Where do you think they found the stone to build it? Do you think construction was easy? Why? In 1983, Machu Picchu became a World Heritage Site. Why do you think it has this status? 9 Design a map of the main pre-Columbian peoples. Draw a map of the Americas and mark the borders of the present-day countries. Colour the territories where the Mayan, Aztec and Inca peoples lived. Write the names of other indigenous peoples. 5 W H A T D I D I L E A R N ? Remember and compare. What did you know about early modern exploration voyages before studying this unit? What have you learnt? Write down some key words you think are essential to understanding this topic. Explain your choices. Think about what you have studied in the unit. Has anything surprised you? Explain your answer. Evaluate the activities you did in pairs or in groups. Did you work well together? What aspects did you enjoy the most? 6 THOUGHT-PROVOKING QUESTIONS Choose the aspects of the unit you found most interesting. Write five questions about them using the following prompts: – What would happen if... ? - What happened after... ? - Why did... ? - What was ... like? - Who was... ? 7 Ask your partner the questions you have prepared. Discuss their answers. 30. The Inca ruins of Machu Picchu (Peru), built in around 1400 at an altitude of over 2,400 metres 143
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