The War of the Spanish Succession In 1700 Carlos II, the last Habsburgo king, died without children. As a result, a political conf lict broke out both in Spain and abroad. In his will , Carlos II had named Felipe of Anjou as his successor (Felipe V). He belonged to the Borbón dynasty, and was the grandson of the king of France. There was another candidate to the throne, Archduke Carlos, of the Habsburgo dynasty. At the time, France was the most powerful countr y in Europe. The accession of a Borbón to the Spanish throne would greatly reinforce that power. For this reason, a great alliance was formed against the French candidate, made up of Austria , Great Britain, the United Provinces, Prussia , Savoy and Portugal . They supported Archduke Carlos as successor. In 1701 the War of the Spanish Succession began. (15) In 1711, Archduke Carlos was appointed Holy Roman Emperor. In addition, Felipe renounced any right to the throne of France. Both of these events brought an end to the international conf lict. The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) recognised Felipe V as king. In exchange, Spain gave Austria its territory in Italy and Flanders. Great Britain received Gibraltar and Menorca and some privileges in its trade with America. Within Spain , the conf lict turned into a civil war. Castilla supported Felipe V, while the Corona de Aragón supported Archduke Carlos. ANALYSE A HISTORICAL TEXT The Nueva Planta decrees in Aragón and Valencia (29th June 1707) Considering that the Kingdoms of Aragón and Valencia have lost […] through their own rebellion, entirely breaking the oath of fidelity […] all the charters, privileges, exemptions and liberties that they previously enjoyed […] now is added the just right of conquest that my weapons have recently made of them […]; and considering also that one of the main attributes of sovereignty is the imposition and repeal of laws […] I have judged it desirable, for this reason and because of my wish to reduce all my kingdoms of Spain to the uniformity of the same laws […], while all are governed equally by the laws of Castilla […], to abolish and repeal entirely […] all the charters and privileges referred to […]. Explain the reasons Felipe V gave for enacting this decree and what he established in it. 15. The War of the Spanish Succession (A) in Spain and (B) in Europe 4. Borbón absolutism in Spain Salamanca 1706 Zaragoza 1710 Barcelona 11th September 1714 Valencia Lérida Madrid Cádiz Vich 1705 Villaviciosa 1710 Marbella 1705 Anglo-Dutch attack on Cádiz 1702 Almansa 1707 Brihuega 1710 Ciudad Rodrigo 1706 Almenara 1710 AT L A N T I C O C E A N C a n t a b r i a n S e a M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a F R A N C E P O R T U G A L SOURCE: E. Martínez Ruíz and others, Atlas histórica de la Edad Moderna, 1986. Seiges Battles Spanish territories that supported Felipe V Spanish territories that supported Archduke Carlos SOURCE: H. C. Darby and H. Fullard, The New Cambridge Modern History, 1980. Medi ter ranean Sea A T L A N T I C O C E A N Menorca Sardinia Corsica Sicily Canarias K I NGDOM OF NAPLES MILÁN SAVOY VENICE PAPAL STATES K I N G D O M O F S P A I N Gibraltar Ceuta Melilla SWITZERLAND GENOA K INGDOM OF PORTUGAL K I NGDOM OF FRANCE GREAT BRITAIN A U S T R I A HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE HUNGARY K I NGDOM OF POLAND Brandenburg Flanders Luxembourg K I NGDOM OF SWEDEN K I NGDOM OF DENMARK DUTCH REPUBL I C PRUSSIA Acquisitions of Great Britain Acquisitions of Savoy Holy Roman Empire boundary Acquisitions of Austria A B 22
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