6 Compare these concepts and explain the difference between them. absolutism and enlightened despotism guilds and the domestic system absolutism and parliamentarism 7 Analyse the text. The work that we begin (and that we wish to finish) has two objectives. As an Encyclopaedia, it must explain , as well as possible, the order and connection of the parts of human knowledge. As a Systematic Dictionar y of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts, it must contain the general principles that form the basis of each science and each art, liberal or manual , and the most essential details that make up the body and substance of each . Jean le Rond d'Alembert, "Preliminar y Discourse" from the Encyclopaedia, 1751 (Adapted) Who is the author? What was his relationship with the Encyclopaedia? What two objectives did this work have, according to the author of the text? 8 Establish cause-and-effect relationships between the War of the Spanish Succession and the loss of the charters in the territories of the Corona de Aragón. 9 Describe the process that led England to establish a political system that was different to absolutism. 11 Look at and interpret the painting. What estate do you think this family belonged to? Within the estate, which social group were they? Explain what you base your opinion on. Did this group have economic power? And political power? Do you think they were happy with their situation? Why or why not? 12 Write the date of these events and put them in chronological order on a timeline. abdication of Carlos IV Esquilache Riots the War of the Spanish Succession begins Battle of Trafalgar Treaty of Utrecht 13 Explain what the reforms carried out by the Spanish Borbón monarchs involved. Give examples to support your answer. 1 W H A T D I D I L E A R N ? Ask your partner five questions about the content of this unit. Evaluate their answers. Compare. What did you know about the Old Regime and the Enlightenment before you began the unit? What have you learnt? In your notebook, write a word, an idea and a sentence that describe the crisis of the Old Regime. Choose five concepts that you consider key to understanding the contents of this unit. Why do you think they are so important? List the things you found most difficult. How did you overcome the difficulties? 10 THINK AND SHARE IN PAIRS Analyse what aspects changed during the 18th century in terms of society, the economy and politics. Assess which aspects, on the contrary, remained unchanged. Think about whether Enlightenment ideas influenced the changes. Give reasons to support your answer. Exchange your answers with your partner and explain your opinion. Are your answers similar to those of your partner? 27
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