Essential knowledge Unit . The world economy. How globalisation affects us • Economic activity • Who carries out the economic activity? • What do companies need for production? • How the labour market works • The predominance of the capitalist system • A global economy • The traditional economic powers • The new world powers of the 21st century Unit . Food production: key to the Agenda 2030 • The primary sector around the world • Does the physical environment restrict agriculture nowadays? • Types of agriculture and agricultural landscapes • Commercial agriculture in developed countries • Traditional agriculture in developing countries • Plantations in developing countries • Livestock farming, a growing activity • Fishing and aquaculture • The primary sector in the European Union • The primary sector in the Spanish economy • The primary sector in Andalucía • The current challenges of the primary sector Unit . The need for more sustainable energy and industry • Mining activity • Exploitation of energy sources • The growth of renewable energy • Major energy producers and consumers • Industrial activity • From the First Industrial Revolution to Industry 4.0 • The importance of location to industries • Who are the leading industrial producers? • The EU: strengths and weaknesses of the industrial sector • The secondary sector in Spain • Mining, energy exploitation and industry in Andalucía • Industry and the environment Unit . Trade and transport as drivers of the economy • The dominance of the tertiary sector in economies • Trade leads the service sector • The organisation of world trade • Transport • More efficient overland transport • Shipping and the rise of containers • Air transport • The EU, a global trading power • Trade and transport in Spain and Andalucía • The environmental impact of transport Unit . Tourism and other services related to the economy and welfare • The growing demand for tourism services • The world’s top tourist destinations • Tourism in Spain and Andalucía • How can tourism help to achieve the SDGs? • Financial and ICT services • Other services that provide revenue and welfare Unit 6. The demographic challenge and rural depopulation • World population growth • Societies are ageing • Spain and Andalucía’s demographic problems • Urban space versus rural space • Population concentrated in cities • Sustainable cities and spaces for coexistence • Depopulation of the Spanish countryside Unit . Geopolitics, conflicts and cooperation for peace • Territory is organised into states • Spain, a democratic state • The autonomous community of Andalucía • The international community • Conflicts between states • International humanitarian law • Cooperating for peace • Why was the European Union created? • The current challenges facing the EU Unit . The challenges of the globalised world and the SDGs • Contrasts in human development • An end to poverty and zero hunger • Health, wellbeing, clean water and sanitation • Quality education and decent jobs • Gender equality • Climate action • Preserving terrestrial and marine ecosystems • Factors that slow a country’s development • Solidarity, cooperation and development aid Geography and History SECONDARY 4
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